Chicory root inulin

Chicory root inulin. Strain the liquid through a fine mesh sieve or use a French press for a smoother texture. Add 1 tablespoon of chicory root granules for every 8 ounces of water. 09 with Subscribe & Save discount. It's a Prebiotic. Many people today have been looking for Chicory Root Roasted Granules, 1 Pound, Chicory Coffee (Inulin, Prebiotic Dietary Fiber) Rich Flavor, Caffeine Free, Natural Tea and Coffee Substitute, Keto, Kosher $9. . 2 The total number of fructose and glucose units of chicory inulin ranges mainly between 2 and 70. Chicory is a woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family, usually with bright Chicory root contains the highest amount of inulin of any food. 3. Our team of scientists has experience in all areas of research including Life Science, Material Science, Chemical Synthesis, Chromatography, Analytical and many others. "sobs quietly" I guess I'm going to have to go back to eating the Schmidt's 647 brand of bread, which is a whopping Sep 22, 2023 · The food with the most inulin is chicory root, which is often used as livestock feed, but can also be part of a healthy diet for us. , for 5% solution, 1. Inulin (Chicory Root) is the devil. Feb 23, 2022 · To identify the main effector molecules of the chicory, we split the composition of this flour into several classes of molecules. The reducing sugars and ash content of chicory root inulin were 4. Fiber Supplement For A Healthy Gut - Packed with two highly effective forms of dietary fiber, chicory root and 3. CAS. Like chicory and Jerusalem arthichoke, burdock (Arctium lappa) belongs to the Asteraceae family of flowering plants. Research shows inulin can have positive effects on overall cholesterol, LDL "bad" cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Similarly, scanning the ingredient labels of these foods for “inulin” or “chicory root” is also advisable. It is a polymer of fructose and dietary fiber. The fiber has a substantial of strong science supporting benefits for human health. Nov 20, 2015 · Chicory root cakes contain many elements, 62. Unripe common bananas are low FODMAP as the fructan levels are low enough not to cause digestive distress, however as the bananas ripen the The following foods may have inulin or chicory root on the ingredient list, so if you think you’re sensitive to it, check labels for chicory root, chicory root extract, or inulin: Protein powders such as Orgain and Vega; Some high-fiber cereals such as Kashi GOLEAN; Fiber bars such as Fiber One; Granola bars such as varieties of KIND and Feb 10, 2020 · Raw chicory root tastes bitter, but roasting transforms it. The chicory root is the main commercial source of inulin and Oct 31, 2023 · Chicory root is a great source of prebiotics. 18/Count) $17. Chicory root offers the highest source of inulin and can be used as a coffee alternative or in salads. It usually has bright blue flowers and is harvested for its leaves, buds and roots. Acceptable intakes of inulin need to be determined. The extraction process for inulin is similar to obtaining sugar from sugar beets . 100 g. Inulin is prebiotic that is extracted from chicory root fiber while working to provide your gut with good digestive health. Psyllium seeds and seed husks come from Jul 10, 2017 · Inulin is a mixture of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides composed of fructose units connected by β (2→1) links. Chicory, or Cichorium intybus, grows in the United States and is cultivated in Mediterranean areas in Europe. Skin irritations and allergies. "This benefit is because inulin decreases cholesterol absorption as it moves through your digestive tract," Devje explains. Performance Lab Prebiotic is the perfect match for a fiber-rich diet. Aug 25, 2021 · Chicory root is a high-fiber, low-calorie food that contains inulin, a water-soluble fiber that can replace sugar or fat in some foods. Inulin, however, is a prebiotic that serves as a direct energy source of bacteria in the gut and helps to support the proliferation of certain beneficial strains. 9 and by-product 6. I absolutely cannot tolerate this stuff and it seems like it's in a lot of commercially prepared low-carb foods. Oct 15, 2021 · Inulin plus FOS content was the highest in raw material of chicory root and Jerusalem artichoke tubers and the lowest in globe artichoke inflorescence (core 17. Nowaday, chicory roots are mainly applied as a source for the extraction of inulin, which is used as prebiotic fiber and food ingredient. AC457100250. Free from fillers and GMOs, our chicory pills are vegan. Safety issues during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Use the inulin powder derived from chicory root for this, as the tasteless powders will not sweeten your recipe sufficiently. Chicory root fiber: the natural choice. Inulin is mainly found in the plant family Asteraceae as a storage carbohydrate (for example Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia, yacon, etc. Chicory root inulin is the most common and widely studied. $1795 ($17. Consuming chicory root inulin can worsen bloating, gas, and diarrhea in individuals with SIBO. Chicory (ชิโครี่) หรือ Cichorium Intybus เป็นพืชสมุนไพรในแถบอเมริกาและยุโรปที่นิยมไปทำยารักษาโรคและยาบำรุง ส่วนในประเทศไทยมักพบในรูปแบบผลิตภัณฑ์อาหาร Apr 26, 2020 · 4. It is important to choose a supplement that clearly states the source of the inulin and the type of inulin used. Jul 10, 2010 · Chicory Root - source of Inulin "Get more fiber in your diet. Apr 23, 2024 · Chicory root contains a type of prebiotic fiber called inulin. vitamin K per 100g. However, most commercially available ITF are synthesized from sucrose or extracted from chicory roots, Jerusalem artichoke, and agave . 2 out of 5 stars 4,038 ratings Inulin, derived from the chicory root, is well established for its prebiotic properties, as recognised by ISAPP. Avoid adding more than 1½ to 2 teaspoons per Jun 23, 2015 · If you’re someone who routinely suffers from problematic gas and bloating, you may find it way more comfortable to limit your intake of highly fermentable fibers like inulin, even from the nutritious whole foods described above. Similar to dandelion greens, it's naturally bitter, but you can Mar 24, 2024 · Chicory root syrup is a natural sweetener derived from the chicory plant (Cichorium intybus). 1. [5] After harvest, the chicory roots are sliced and washed, then soaked in a solvent (hot water or ethanol); [15] the inulin is then isolated, purified, and spray dried. 2 g kg⁻¹ ash, and are a suitable livestock feed. As the inulin in chicory root is mostly soluble fiber, it passes through the small intestine undigested and lands in the large intestine. Moreover, it has characteristics that can improve the technical properties of the food. Mar 21, 2020 · Chicory roots consist of a mixture of inulin, pectin, and (hemi-)cellulose and also contain complex phytochemicals, such as sesquiterpene lactones that have been characterized in detail. Inulin can have prebiotic effects on the gut microbiome, leading to increases in the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. 95/Ounce) $17. It’s the roots that can be baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute or as a type of prebiotic supplement. Because of this benefit, chicory root fiber is often an added active ingredient in probiotic supplements . e. 60/Ounce) Get it as soon as Friday, May 31 Inulin is a type of fiber derived from chicory root and used as a dietary supplement for improving digestion, gut health, and overall health. The roots are naturally bitter, but Oct 27, 2021 · Native inulin and oligofructose are found in artichokes, asparagus, bananas, chicory root, garlic, onions, leeks, and wheat . s (Kalyani Nair et al. Oct 24, 2015 · Furthermore, despite the 5 % weight loss at week nine, subjects taking inulin ate significantly less (~270 kcal less, p = 0. This article is about the main benefits of inulin, its potential side effects, the best time to take it, and more. So they start scanning nutrition facts panels of products they buy, looking for fiber content. Aug 5, 2020 · Chicory root fiber is a type of inulin (soluble fiber) sourced from the roots of chicory plants. 90% and <0. • Inulin usually is extracted from chicory root, although it's found in many fruits and vegetables, according to the Natural Medicines Database. One of the major reasons for making chicory part of the daily diet is to improve the various functioning of the digestive system. Chicory root contains up to 20 percent inulin, which makes it a very good Feb 10, 2020 · Raw chicory root tastes bitter, but roasting transforms it. showed that some people report stomach Oct 12, 2017 · If you find you are very sensitive to inulin fiber or chicory root, be sure to read labels for their names in the ingredients and check the product’s fiber levels. Sep 29, 2020 · The Health Benefits of Chicory Root. Inulin is less sweet than sugar (sucrose). FREE delivery Tue, Oct 24 on $35 of Improved Bowel Health. Feb 10, 2020 · Inulin fiber is a starchy soluble fiber that is found in a number of fruits and vegetables you enjoy, including wheat, garlic, onions, asparagus, bananas, and especially chicory. , 2010). FREE delivery Fri, May 24 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Freezing and boiling points of water are affected by inulin to a small extent (e. During the roasting process inulin (a prebiotic fiber) in the root is converted to oxymethylfurfurol, which has a coffee-like aroma (but not flavor). 2 4. Bone health: Chicory root fiber improves calcium absorption by increasing HERBAMAMA Organic Chicory Root Supplement - Supports Digestion, Gut Health, Liver, & Colon Function w/Inulin, a Prebiotic Fiber Supplement - Brain & Immune Booster - Non-GMO 100 Capsules. Catalog No. Many people today have been looking for Jun 1, 2020 · Chicory inulin was characterized by a white and odourless powder form. Experiment with adding more or less inulin to your baked goods depending on your fiber needs. 2% Aug 8, 2022 · 1. In this study, we examined the effects of chicory root extract on blood glucose, lipid Chicory root inulin can be used both as an added fiber and as a low-calorie replacement for sugar or fat in various foods. It’s a 2 Jetsu Inulin Powder Organic Chicory Root (FOS) - Soluble Inulin Fiber Prebiotic Intestinal Support, Enhances Calcium Absorption, Stimulates Friendly Bacteria, Promotes Prebiotic Growth, 8oz. Purity. Inulin is extractable from root plants, particularly Jerusalem artichoke and chicory, whereas FOS is a hydrolysis from inulin yielding a shorter chain sugar. 1 µg. It was moderately soluble in water, colourless and clear to hazy. A study was conducted to test the effects of Jerusalem artichoke inulin (JA) or chicory inulin (CH) in snack bars on composition of faecal microbiota, concentration of faecal SCFA, bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms. It had a neutral taste, without any off-flavour or after-taste. The chicory root inulin you find in products is a prebiotic, which is essentially food for the microbiota in our guts. Interaction with medications. A 2017 study looked at the effects of inulin supplementation on constipation and found that just 4g of Orafti® Inulin three times daily in chronically constipated adults results in significant improvements in bowel function 9. Help us by suggesting a value. "sobs quietly" I guess I'm going to have to go back to eating the Schmidt's 647 brand of bread, which is a whopping Chicory Root Roasted Granules, 1 Pound, Chicory Coffee (Inulin, Prebiotic Dietary Fiber) Rich Flavor, Caffeine Free, Natural Tea and Coffee Substitute, Keto, Kosher Visit the Herbaila Store 4. May 2, 2018 · Chicory root is made up of 40 percent inulin, which is an oligosaccharide (a fancy name for carbohydrate fiber). Jun 29, 2021 · A 2015 study notes that chicory root is a rich source of the dietary fiber called inulin. Low pH, high temperature and less dry Inulin is a type of fructo-oligosaccharide, or FOS, that helps to feed the "friendly" bacteria in your gastrointestinal tract, explains the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Nov 1, 2023 · Inulin is a type of soluble fiber that can be taken as a supplement or found naturally in foods (e. Aug 12, 2016 · Chicory root is a common additive to food. Digestive discomfort. $1799 ($0. Inulin fibre passes through the upper GIT undigested, reaching the colon where it is fermented by bacteria thereby modulating the bacteria residing in the GIT, i. Optimate conditions for extraction, aided by RSM model, were solvent to solid ratio 28−37 mL/g, temperature from 62 to 80 °C, and time from 22–60 min. Inulin is low on calories, making it a good alternative for sugar. In this work, fructose, CGA and STL were tested in daily administration in mice, and Dec 25, 2018 · The inulin in chicory root is considered a prebiotic, which is a compound in food that induces the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. 6 to 61. Prebiotic Fiber // Because inulin increases the number of healthy bacteria in the gut, it helps promotes digestive health and bowel function. Nov 15, 2017 · About this item . 11. The leaves and flowers can be used fresh in salads and the root itself can be used as a coffee substitute, per a December 2017 report in ‌The Scientific World Journal‌. 6 grams. Inulin and food labels when on the FODMAP diet . Gut health is paramount for overall health and well-being. Chicory root: 41. 00 / Each of 1. Apr 26, 2020 · 4. This longer chain allows it to substitute for the long chains of hydrocarbons that make up fats. Consumption of inulin products can cause gastrointestinal (GI) distress. 35g of inulin per serving, BeLive sugar free fiber gummies for adults and kids help to promote good bacteria in the lower intestine, improve overall gut health, and keep you moving and regulated throughout the day Dandelion root contains less inulin than chicory root, but it is still a good source compared to other sources of inulin in the modern diet. Much of the research on the health benefits of chicory root focuses on this fiber. You can read more to find out specifics and the pros and cons of Inulin. In terms of taste, chicory is unique: strong, toasty, and nutty, with suggestions of burned-sugar. Inulin Powder // Inulin is a water soluble fiber that is naturally occurring. In yeast rolls and buns, substitute an equal amount of inulin powder for sugar. Effect on blood sugar level. Request bulk or custom formats. Aug 11, 2017 · Inulin is naturally found in a variety of fruit, vegetables, and grains such as chicory root, globe and Jerusalem artichokes, wheat, barley, onion, leeks, garlic, dandelion root, and bananas (1 6 7). Chemically, inulin is a polydisperse-(2,1)-fructan and can be converted to fructose and glucose by hydrolysis. Our Inulin Prebiotic Fiber is all-natural and comes from the chicory root, a type of flower that belongs to the dandelion family. Some common side effects of chicory are: Digestive issues. 05 with Subscribe & Save discount. 2 days ago · Chicory root is also thought to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been used to improve skin health and treat skin conditions such as acne and eczema. 2 g/100 g dw). 4 g kg⁻¹ crude protein, and 37. . In a 4-week clinical 6 days ago · Inulin supplements can be made from several sources, including chicory root, Jerusalem artichoke, and agave. 027) at the follow-up ad libitum meal, with no consequent rebound in food intake at the 18 week visit despite a total 7 % weight loss in the inulin group, suggesting that inulin’s effect on weight management is mediated Jun 14, 2018 · Carl Volz, president, Sensus America (manufacturer of Frutafit and Frutalose chicory root fibers). Every pouch provides up to a 385 day supply, 1 scoop serving size contains approximately 2,350mg pure vegan friendly inulin. Inulin is naturally found in bananas, wheat, onions, and garlic, but chicory root’s high concentrations of the prebiotic make it a popular food additive. Chicory root is the main source of extraction for commercial production of inulin. 9005-80-5. Fiber is important for maintaining bowel, blood sugar, and cholesterol health, and aiding in weight management. Orafti ® Inulin is a prebiotic fibre from the chicory root. The inulin fiber that chicory root contains, is one of the few fibers that can act as a prebiotic, meaning it helps selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial Jun 21, 2020 · Cardiovascular health. “ ABA appreciates all of the efforts the agency has put forth to finalize decisions on fiber AKI Inulin Chicory Root Powder | Ideal in Fiber & Nutrients | Helps to Boost The Performance Level - Used in Coffee, Smoothies, Juice & Other Meals - Vegan, GMO Free (6 oz / 170 gr) Powder. Powder 8 Ounce (Pack of 1) 774. Forty-five volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. 100+ bought in past month. Relieves Constipation Dec 13, 2017 · These researchers also noted that dry chicory root extract contains, by weight, approximately 98% inulin and 2% of other compounds. Decreased fertility in men. Interfering with Iron absorption. inulin and fructooligosacharides extracted Apr 21, 2021 · In theory, too much chicory could trigger uterine contractions and lead to bleeding during pregnancy. Unknown. Inulin is sometimes called a "prebiotic" and is found naturally in certain foods like asparagus, soybeans, leeks and onions. Vitamin E Alpha (d-alpha-tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects the body's cells from the damaging effects of free radicals, strengthens the immune system and prevents blood clotting. These soluble dietary fibres are well-appreciated ingredients in the food industry, due to their proven beneficial prebiotic effect, along with their taste and texture enhancing qualities. It’s here that the chicory root fiber aids the gut microbiome bacteria and helps with regulating bowel movements, while relieving any constipation. It is a nondigestible carbohydrate, is a dietary fiber that reaches the colon intact and serves as a substrate for microbiota Background: The use of inulin in foods as a fiber source has increased recently. Jan 20, 2015 · The extract from roasted chicory (Cichorium intybus L. We know gut health isn't isolated to our GI tract May 5, 2015 · Similarly, scanning the ingredient labels of these foods for “inulin” or “chicory root” is also advisable: Energy, protein, meal replacement and granola bars Ready-to-drink protein shakes Feb 20, 2024 · Inulin makes up to 68% of the total compounds of the chicory roots. Chicory contains inulin, which is a powerful prebiotic. 9 to 141. Studies have seen that 10 grams of Oct 9, 2023 · Nearly 30,000 plant species contain inulin, chicory being the most abundant source (8,9). (Chicory Root) 0. g. 2. The caloric value of chicory root fiber is 1-1. Burdock Root. Its slightly nutty and woody taste often works well in a wide range of both foods and drinks Jan 15, 2024 · Inulin is a soluble plant fiber that’s present in high amounts in the chicory root plant, along with an estimated 36,000 other plants! Some foods that contain inulin include whole wheat, onions, bananas, garlic, asparagus and Jerusalem artichokes — plants that are sometimes called prebiotic foods . Food manufacturers extract inulin from the root and add it to products such as yogurt, ice cream, chocolate bars, breakfast bars, salad dressings, and margarine. Packaged foods that are labeled "high fiber," "low fat," and "gluten-free" likely have inulin listed as an ingredient. May 9, 2023 · Discover the potential health benefits, side effects, and how to make chicory root tea, a caffeine-free herbal beverage. $122. ; 菊苣 jú jù) root (chicory root extract), which contains inulin-type fructans, has favorable effects including antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects and the improvement of bowel movement. Inulin is the prebiotic soluble fiber that nourishes your beneficial digestive flora, also called probiotics. 84. A 2014 study. Apr 21, 2021 · In theory, too much chicory could trigger uterine contractions and lead to bleeding during pregnancy. A study by Soobo (2005) , also agreed that chicory root is high in inulin-type fructan and oligofructose. Commercially, ITF are added to a variety of food products. Objective: To determine the GI tolerance of two inulin fibers, shorter chain length oligofructose and native inulin, at 5- and 10-g doses 25 g. Chicory root fiber (inulin) is a soluble fiber that naturally grows as part of the chicory plant. Chicory Root. , Jerusalem artichokes, chicory, asparagus, garlic, onions, wheat, bananas). 65 mPa s at 10 °C and for 30% solution, 100 mPa. 66 ($0. Dec 1, 2020 · In our study, Box–Behnken model/response surface analysis (RSM) was used for the optimization of spray drying process variables to get the maximum inulin yield from chicory ( Cichorium intybus L Jun 21, 2022 · Skin contact. Let the mixture steep for about 5 minutes, or longer for a stronger flavor. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Nov 20, 2023 · Begin by bringing water to a simmer. Promotes better gut health. Origin & Source: Chicory, a perennial herb, is notably cultivated for its roots. Therefore, it is not surprising that also burdock root contains large Mar 25, 2017 · The inulin is often pulled from chicory root to produce chicory root extract. Inulin is often seen in ice cream, ready-to-drink protein shakes, and low-fat or dairy-free yogurt. Food makers extract the inulin from the chicory root and add it into their products. Trusted Source. ). " Consumers have been hearing this key nutrition message for years. Vegan - Our capsules contain 1200 mg of organic chicory root inulin, offering a potent dose for effective digestive support. Just found out it's in the Aldi brand low-carb bread and their keto dinner rolls. Inulin, the main component of the chicory root, has already been the subject of studies, showing its exclusively prebiotic effect . High cholesterol and triglyceride levels can increase the risks of heart Mar 6, 2017 · Micro Ingredients offers raw Organic Chicory Root Inulin powder, authentic chicory root source, 2lb bulk supply, rich in water-soluble prebiotic dietary fiber. Upon harvest, these roots Feb 10, 2020 · Inulin fiber is a starchy soluble fiber that is found in a number of fruits and vegetables you enjoy, including wheat, garlic, onions, asparagus, bananas, and especially chicory. It can improve consumers’ digestive health, weight management & calcium absorption and can be used for fat reduction. So, if you want a healthier gut, load up on inulin-rich foods and invest in a supplement that works. And the food industry, always one step ahead, starts pumping fiber into everything, even candy. Inulin is extracted from chicory root with hot water and used to add fiber to foods and add elasticity to gluten-free foods. 5 °C). The pH was 5. It is also known as inulin. The inulin fiber that chicory root contains, is one of the few fibers that can act as a prebiotic, meaning it helps selectively stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial Jan 3, 2024 · Chicory Root Roasted Granules, 1 Pound, Chicory Coffee (Inulin, Prebiotic Dietary Fiber) Rich Flavor, Caffeine Free, Natural Tea and Coffee Substitute, Keto, Kosher Amazon Nutricost Organic Inulin Powder 1LB (454 Grams) 7 Grams of Fiber Per Serving - from Chicory Root - Certified USDA Organic Chicory root and inulin. 500 g. Inulin may have various benefits on gut health and Learn more about INULIN uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain INULIN. The soluble fiber in chicory root adds bulk to foods because it can thicken, gel up, or hold water. Inulin from chicory; CAS Number: 9005-80-5; EC Number: 232-684-3; find Sigma-Aldrich-I2255 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Chicory has shown positive results in the prevention of oxidative stress and reduction in liver damage. Approximately 68% of chicory root fiber comes from the prebiotic fiber inulin, which is a compound that helps improve digestion and bowel function and Aug 20, 2016 · Chicory inulin solutions are of relatively low viscosity e. Chicory root can help contribute to your daily needs. The purity of the inulin supplement is also important. Adult 100 Count (Pack of 1) 1,914. 5 kcal/g, which is less than other carbohydrates that provide 4 kcal/g or fats that provide 9 kcal/g. 00 with Subscribe & Save discount. $1895 ($2. ‘gut microbiota’ ( Gibson & Roberfroid, 1995 ). Supplier: Thermo Scientific Chemicals 457100250. Food composition databases are largely incomplete with values of fructan ( Table 1 ) and even less so with galactan concentrations. It is used as a sweetener in the food industry, with 10% of the sweetening power of sucrose and is sometimes added to yogurts as a 'prebiotic'. Trusted Option - Our capsules, featuring chicory root prebiotics for digestive health, are crafted using German technology in a GMP certified facility. Improves gut problems. Friendly bacteria in your gut ferment chicory root inulin and multiply as a result. Inulin is often hard to identify in the diet as food labels rarely include it! Look out for: chicory root, chicory root extract, and chicory root fibre on labels as these are alternative labelling identifiers. Inulin is found naturally in many foods we commonly eat — including bananas, onions, and wheat — but chicory’s high inulin concentration make it a favorite for food manufacturers to bulk up the fiber in packaged foods. Nov 2, 2020 · Chicory root is a favorite for food manufacturers to bulk up the fiber count in packaged foods. Chicory is actually a plant of the dandelion family. showed that some people report stomach Feb 23, 2016 · Chicory Root inulin is an ideal food additive when compared to inulin from other sources because is a relatively long chain. 66 $ 9 . The key component of this syrup is chicory root fiber, predominantly inulin, a type of soluble fiber recognized for its prebiotic properties. Chicory root contains up to 20 percent inulin, which makes it a very good Jan 3, 2024 · Chicory root inulin is a prebiotic that can exacerbate symptoms of SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth). Learn about its nutrition, benefits, side effects, varieties, and how to prepare and store it. Prebiotics, like inulin, help to feed and create an optimal environment for probiotics, or the good bacteria, to grow. Chicory root is a source of inulin (not to be confused with insulin), a type of soluble fiber that is used as a sweetener and to improve digestive health. 37/Ounce) $18. There is a clear link between chicory root inulin and SIBO symptoms, including increased gas production and bloating. Chicory root fibres are natural ingredients extracted from the roots of the chicory plant. , 15% chicory inulin reduces the freezing point by 0. th ks iu kd cp oh gv sp my oe