Friction stir welding patent

Friction stir welding patent. It is primarily used because of higher weld efficiency as compared with fusion joining processes. 1 and FIG. Thomas W M, Gittos M F, 'Development of friction stir tools for the welding of thick (25mm) aluminium alloys'. In 1991, Wayne Thomas at TWI invented friction stir welding Friction stir welding (FSW) has been recognized as a revolutionary welding process for marine applications, effectively tackling the distinctive problems posed by maritime settings. This type of machine is used to join two metal workpieces together. The stir friction welding pin starting at a zero penetration and extending to the depth needed to repair a weld or to make a weld. The surface morphologies of the weld fabricated using cylindrical, threaded and squared pin. 1991, U. describes an expandable mandrel that enables multiple friction stir welding tool heads to simultaneously perform welding on the A variable pin length stir friction welding method wherein the stir friction welding pin penetrates the workpiece as the workpiece translates. For repairing a circular void or an in-process exit hole in a weld, the method includes the steps of fabricating filler material of the same composition or compatible with the parent material into a plug form to be fitted into the void, positioning Aug 24, 2019 · An auto-adjusting pin tool for friction stir welding is presented wherein the pin tool automatically adjusts for welding materials of varying thicknesses, and the pin can be incrementally withdrawn from the workpieces thus eliminating any crater or keyhole in the weld. Nov 1, 2023 · As an energy-efficient solid-state joining technique, friction stir welding (FSW) shows enormous advantages compared to conventional fusion welding methods. Feb 13, 2021 · In friction stir welding (FSW) the material is welded without melting the base material. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining technique in which coalescence occurs due to thermomechanical deformation of workpieces as the resulting temperature Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that uses a rotating, non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat to join materials. IA, hollow structure 10 is a central portion of a hollow airfoil, and includes base portion 14 and cover portion 16. Current FSW state-of-the-art uses large machines that are not portable. International Patent Application There is provided a method capable of decreasing a friction force in friction stir welding, in which a welding toll (1) is used. (USA) — The present invention is directed to friction stir welding, and to apparatuses, methods, and systems using friction stir welding to join one or more components comprising an aluminum 2xxx alloy with one or more components comprising an aluminum Apr 30, 1998 · The present invention provides an in-process method to repair voids in an aluminum alloy, particularly a friction stir weld in an aluminum alloy. Sep 29, 2017 · While friction stir welding of butt joints has been described in relation to FIG. 4. Patent No. It is demonstrated that sound dissimilar joint can be produced through FSW Jan 1, 2011 · Therefore, an innovative double-side friction stir Z shape butt-lap welding (DS-FSZW) process was proposed to eliminate the inherent problems of conventional DS-FSW. The approach and device include an introduction of high density, short period current pulses into traditional friction stir welding process, which therefore can generate a localized softened zone in the workpiece during plastic stirring without significant additional Friction stir welding (FSW) was invented by TWI in 1991 [1] ) and substantial development has been conducted subsequently. The friction stir welding tool according to claim 1, wherein the inclination preventing portion comprises at least one contact portion configured to contact the workpiece at a position outside first and second friction stir welding regions in a direction along a joining line of the first facing portion and a joining line of the second facing portion in the third shoulder portion, the first The method of friction stir spot welding uses a database of stored optimization parameters to maximize welding strength for an input type of material and an input geometrical parameter of the material, such as its thickness. To address this need Friction stir welding, international patent application. UK Patent Application GB 2 306 366 A. Then withdrawing the pin to zero penetration as the work is translated. J. Compared to the conventional fusion welding methods, this FSW can produce joints with higher mechanical and metallurgical properties. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), invented by Wayne Thomas at TWI Ltd in 1991, overcomes many of the problems associated with traditional joining techniques. 3_ Kawasaki et al: proc Conf 1st International Symposium on Friction Stir Welding. TWI then established TWI Group-Sponsored Project 5651,"Development of the New Friction Stir Technique for Welding Aluminum," in 1992 to further study this technique. Friction stir welding is a proven and advantageous technology in many industries including aerospace and defense. As another example, U. Ding, P. No. The invention combines theory with experiment. Many alloys, which are regarded as difficult Aug 24, 2019 · Friction stir welding was developed and patented by TWI (The Welding Institute) in 1991. 15, 2007, and entitled “Friction Stir Welded Structures Derived from AL-RE-TM Alloys”. During the second half of the twentieth century, fusion welding processes, wherein fusion is obtained by the melting of parent material and usually a filler metal, dominated the welding of large structures. Friction stir welding (FSW) produces welds by using a rotating, non-consumable welding tool to locally soften a workpiece, through heat produced by friction and plastic work, thereby allowing the tool to “stir” the joint surfaces. friction stir welding making use of additional material May 29, 2018 · A hybrid Friction Stir Welding approach and device for dissimilar materials joining employing Electro-Plastic Effect. It is commonly a type of friction welding but due to its versatile applications, it is considered as a separate welding process. J. Thus Dec 25, 2023 · Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process that uses friction-generated heat to bond two materials together. Nov 1, 2023 · The solid-state welding technology known as friction stir welding (FSW) is slowly replacing melting-based welding technologies. 9. In FSW, a rotating, nonconsumable tool spins to create friction with stationary parts. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 50(1–2):Iii–78. FSW is a solid-state process which produces welds of high quality in difficult-to-weld materials such as aluminium, and is fast becoming the process of choice for manufacturing Welding processes are widely used in the fabrication of engineered structures. Parameters used are vertical rotation of the tool at 1050, and 1320 RPM, transverse speed of 200, 325,500, 600 and 725 mm with constant plunge depth of 0. After the internal root weld is made, the butt Friction stir welding (FSW) is now extensively used in aluminium industries for joining and material processing applications. Thomas, Development of improved tool designs for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum, First International Conference on Friction Stir Welding, June 1999. Furthermore, the joining processes of polymer materials with this method is quite possible [68]. Mar 9, 2015 · B23K20/128 — Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e. 8, 1991 Dec. We are democratizing Friction Stir Welding (FSW), making this cutting-edge technology accessible for assembling varied pieces across different industries. Nov 1, 2020 · Abstract and Figures. Japanese patent laid-open publication No. ’ Jan 1, 2010 · Key words: 2. 8. tool pro le are shown in Figure 6(a and b Sep 20, 2014 · In recent years, as interest in environmental protection and energy conservation rose, technological development for lightweight efficiency of transport equipment, such as aircrafts, railcars, automobiles and vessels, have been briskly proceeding. 50 mm. Unlike conventional fusion welding methods, the FSW takes place at lower process temperatures [55]. 5460317, Oct. 2005/0139640 to Kay, for example, describes friction stir welding methods that use multiple passes of the FSW tool. 1995. Pat. The method comprises: performing a first pass P1 of FSW of the joint J by moving therealong a first tool (10), comprising a first probe (100) rotating in a first rotational direction RD1, in a first movement direction MD1 defining a Dec 18, 2008 · DETAILED DESCRIPTION. A 5083-H116 aluminum alloy was friction stir welded with HSLA-65 steel to establish a relationship between IMC thickness and joint strength. 1A-1D are side views of a hollow structure 10 being formed with the use of friction stir welding (FSW) system 12. International Patent No. A system and method for performing friction stir welding of non-planar materials having high melting temperatures, wherein a process is provided for performing longitudinal and radial welds on objects such as pipes, flanges, tanks, and shrouds, and wherein an active or passive mandrel provides support for the friction stir welding process. l) for the butt and lap welding of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and plastics. Friction stir welding was invented by Wayne Thomas at TWI in 1991, with patents filed in Europe, the USA, Japan and Australia. The invention includes a cutter scribe that penetrates and extrudes a first material of a lap weld stack to a preselected depth and further cuts a second material to provide a beneficial geometry defined by a plurality of mechanically interlocking features. TWI Research Board Report 692/1999 December 1999. The original process development by the present inventors using FSW produced high strength (70% joint efficiency) autogenous welds in Al 2195 which were essentially free of defects and distortions. FSW utilizes friction between the tool and material to heat (but not melt), soften, and “stir” material across Oct 1, 2015 · Welding. This patent has since become one of the most widely referenced documents in welding and joining technology. Dawes, W. The low coefficient of friction of CBN enables the workpiece material to slide along the tool instead of sticking to it. The FSW process has become one major milestone in the welding technology history, especially An improved method of friction stir welding is based on enhanced flow of plasticised material both perpendicularly and vertically to the longitudinal extension of the adjacent assembled members by exposing the created plasticised material to a perpendicular pressure along the surface of the members and causing simultaneous material flow along the probe pin in the vertical direction allowing A friction stir welding tool has a support body (3) to which is mounted an elongate probe (1) which in use extends into material to be welded on either side of a joint region and which is rotted to plasticise the material while traversing along the joint region. The present invention belongs to the field of friction stir welding (FSW) temperature detection, and relates to a temperature characterization method of FSW weld zone based on infrared thermal imager. US Patent 6050475. In recent years it has made significant progress in friction stir welding of steels Jan 1, 2014 · The material used in the FSW process is Aluminum 6061-T6 to Aluminum 6061-T6 by dovetail butt joint. 5,460,317, and WO 95/26254 are incorporated herein by reference to the extent consistent with the present invention. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process developed by The Welding Institute (TWI), Cambridge, England. Joint A method of friction-stir welding, FSW, a joint J, for example a T joint J, between a first workpiece W1 and a second workpiece W2 is described. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process. The friction stir welding tools and techniques as described in WO 93/10935, U. Friction stir welds in . The method comprises: arranging the first workpiece W1 and the second workpiece W2; performing a first pass P1 of FSW of the joint J by moving therealong a first tool 10, comprising a first probe 100 rotating in a first rotational direction RD1 and at Jun 10, 2017 · The friction stir welding method according to claim 1, wherein said first and second cylindrical members are welded by said friction stir welding along said abutment portion while a pressing force is applied in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction of insertion of said probe and a direction of abutment of said first and second US20040134972A1 US10/705,717 US70571703A US2004134972A1 US 20040134972 A1 US20040134972 A1 US 20040134972A1 US 70571703 A US70571703 A US 70571703A US 2004134972 A1 US2004134972 A Dec 14, 2021 · Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is the most promising solid-state metals joining method introduced in this era. Patent 5893507A Friction stir welding is a process in which a rotating pin is traversed along the contact surfaces between the workpieces. 1. The rotating tool then mechanically Jan 1, 2011 · Friction stir welding (FSW) process was invented by Wayne Thomas et al. The factors under investigation are tool rotational speed (N) and welding feed (Va). The basic principle, recent applications and the continuing development of the FSW technology are described. In this research, dovetail groove is cut and joined be FSW. Thomas W M, Nicholas E D, Needham J C, Temple-Smith P, Kallee S W and Dawes C J, 'Friction Stir Welding'. In this section. L. Mar 10, 2014 · US Patent Application Publication No. The rotary friction welding is best suited for joining circular parts such as rod, circular bar, tube and pipe while the linear friction welding is suited for other geometry. The friction stir welding fixture comprises a fixture base, a control unit, a trigger element, limit switches and a plurality of pressure plates; each pressure plate is connected with a pressure plate cylinder, each pressure plate cylinder In this work, the dissimilar joint of AA7003-T4 and 6060-T4 alloy has been produced by friction stir welding (FSW). This review paper offers a comprehensive examination of the current advancements in FSW design, specifically within the marine industry. However, there is a growing need for fabrication and repair operations associated with in-space manufacturing. (canceled) 5. Further work to study the process was undertaken at TWI in 1992 with the project titled, ‘Development of the New Friction Stir Technique for Welding Aluminum. 4_ Shinoda: 'Basic and application of Provided are a long-life and inexpensive friction stir welding tool that is not dependent on the mode of friction stir welding or the type of material to be welded, and a friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding tool. A method of forming a friction stir weld between metal workpieces of dissimilar metals or metal-base alloy compositions as recited in claim 1 in which the combination of the constituents of the interlayer composition with the workpiece constituents increase the melting temperature of the weld material. As shown in FIG. FSAM shares similar principles of friction stir lap welding. Overview of friction stir welding (FSW) process principles. A solid-state joining process, Friction Stir Welding creates extremely high-quality, high-strength joints with low distortion. [1] [2] Heat is generated by friction between the rotating tool and the workpiece material, which leads to a softened region near the FSW Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process developed at TWI Ltd in 1991. This has led to an expansion of the application of lightweight alloys such as aluminum and magnesium. In a method of friction stir welding workpieces (6,8) together by rotating and pressingly plugging a welding tool (1) formed from a harder material than the workpiece (6,8), into a weld zone of the workpieces (6,8) and moving the welding tool (1) relatively in a Friction stir welding is a new friction welding process. The frictional heat plasticizes the material, which is welded together. The FSW process exhibits a number of attractive advantages when compared to other welding processes, perhaps May 7, 2013 · Abstract. Jan 1, 2014 · Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining technique that has expanded rapidly since its development in 1991 and has found applications in a wide variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, railway, and maritime. On the surface, it appears that lawyers, attorneys and government patent offices have benefited more from this invention than industry. , Japan, and Australia. Formerly, FSW was adopted for low melting metals like aluminum alloys. For the welding of these lightweight alloys Nov 8, 2018 · To solve problems above, critical welding parameters (rotation rate and traverse speed) and welding conditions (tool offset and sheet thickness difference) were evaluated in this study. Jul 9, 2022 · Friction stir welding ( FSW) technology is a solid-phase joining process with a non-melting pool in the connection area and insensitivity to gravity, so that it is suitable for construction of the structures in space. Jan 13, 2021 · A method of friction-stir welding, FSW, ajoint J, for example a T joint and/or a lap joint, between a first workpiece W1 and a second workpiece W2, is described. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e. Further, this Japanese WO1995026254A1 PCT/NO1995/000005 NO9500005W WO9526254A1 WO 1995026254 A1 WO1995026254 A1 WO 1995026254A1 NO 9500005 W NO9500005 W NO 9500005W WO 9526254 A1 WO9526254 A1 WO 9526254 Feb 7, 2013 · The utilisation of friction as an efficient thermo-mechanical source to both weld and process materials in the solid phase has come a long way since the first patent filing by Bevington in the late 19th Century. 4: Thomas W M: 'Friction stir welding and related friction process characteristics'. Precipitate size and its distribution, material flow and influence on mechanical performance are highlighted. Friction stir welding ( FSW) is a solid-state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two facing workpieces without melting the workpiece material. Joint designs. Experiments are performed for a variety of different materials having different thicknesses. The principles of the process and applied apparatus as disclosed by WO 93/10935 are based on a relative cyclic movement between a non-consumable probe of a harder material than the workpieces to be joined and the workpieces. The clean and green technology of FSP delivers many advantages over other gas-based technologies such as defect-free parts making, cost effectiveness, easy operation at high temperatures, improved efficiency, and ability to process intricate The friction stir welding method includes detecting a temperature of a temperature measurement point provided in the backing member, and calculating an estimated temperature of the welding tool from the detected temperature of the temperature measurement point, based on a predefined correlation between a temperature of the welding tool and a Friction stir process as a new manufacturing technique of ultrafine grained aluminum alloy Dec. The friction stir welding equipment has a spindle system 2 , and the spindle system 2 includes a movable non-rotating area 21 located on the periphery. Nov 3, 2020 · We have successfully demonstrated first direct experimental evidence of defect-free friction stir weld joints of 304B4 stainless steel using different process parameters. The tool is then moved through the interface and the frictional heat causes the material to heat and soften. The research objective of this work was to reveal the physical mechanisms of the novel DS-FSZW by the combination of numerical simulation and experimental characterization for The friction stir welding holding fixture system 1 of this embodiment is suitable for use in friction stir welding equipment. FSW is often chosen because of its superior weld quality, however, the speed of Apr 27, 2017 · "Science of Innovation" is produced in partnership with the National Science Foundation and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. This paper provides an overview of the essential principles of FSW and its These methods include 1) root arc welding followed by a partial penetration friction stir weld and 2) use of a sacrificial anvil. The observed responses are ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). Threadgill, P. Jan 2007; Wayne M Thomas; Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new solid-phase technique invented and patented at TWI (Ref. This work comprehensively reviewed the recent studies on FSW of commonly-used metals including Al, Mg, Fe, Ti and their alloys, with a particular focus on thermal cycles experienced during FSW. For this purpose, a full-factorial experimental design was conducted. Oct 20, 2021 · A friction stir welding apparatus includes a welding tool that includes a shoulder and a probe supported by the shoulder, is inserted into a plurality of welding target members, and moves while rotating to weld the plurality of welding target members, a spindle motor that is coupled to the welding tool to rotate the welding tool in a predetermined direction, a welding head that supports the Friction stir welding • Is a solid-state seam welding process. Dec 21, 2017 · Dissimilar friction stir welding of AA2024-AA6061 alloys. 11/818,701, filed on Jun. 9125978. Oelgoetz, Auto-adjustable tool for friction stir welding, U. M. US20030201307A1 US10/237,506 US23750602A US2003201307A1 US 20030201307 A1 US20030201307 A1 US 20030201307A1 US 23750602 A US23750602 A US 23750602A US 2003201307 A1 US2003201307 A a friction stir welding method in which a plurality of work pieces are placed to be butted, a plurality of V-shaped grooves are intermittently formed along a butted portion of the plurality of work pieces, each of the V-shaped grooves is tack-welded by using a welding material, deposits in the tack-welded sections are cut and removed so as to be substantially coplanar with a surface of the The description below first discusses the friction stir welding process and apparatus as put forth in the above identified patents. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a joining process that offers significant advantages over conventional arc welding methods, especially for thick aluminum structures. Sep 15, 2009 · Friction stir welding was invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in December 1991. Journal of Japan Welding Society, 2000 69 (7)6–10. PCBN is used as a superabrasive coating on a substrate being used for a shoulder with an integral pin. application No. Mishra RS, Ma ZY (2005) Friction stir welding and processing. The inventive apparatus is comprised of a welding head housing a motor The use of a FSW operation for welding metal parts containing glassy aluminum-based alloys is disclosed in the co-pending patent application Ser. Drawing on deep metalworking expertise to expand FSW applications. friction-stir-welding-to-produce-aluminium-components-and-panels-august-2006/ 8. 306 266 1995. The pin tool is part of the head for a friction stir welding machine which has been adapted from a standard milling machine already known in the art. PCT/GB92/02203 and GB Patent Application No. Google Scholar Stotler TV, Trapp TJ (2007) Friction stir welding travel axis load control method and apparatus. It is fair to say that up until the early Eighties, rotation was the primary motion used to practice friction welding for most applications on a commercial basis, certainly for metals Sep 6, 2023 · Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining technique developed for various types of materials such as metals and metal alloys [124]. Aug 26, 2016 · Friction stir welding (FSW) has emerged as an attractive process for fabricating aerospace vehicles. 5: Thomas W M, Andrews R E (TWI): 'High performance tools for friction stir welding (FSW)'. Jun 12, 2010 · This work investigates the influence of the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) parameters on the mechanical properties AA 2198 T3 welds. The patents covering the basic process and methods of enhancing material flow recently expired, making it less costly to International Patent Application No. [0013] FIGS. FSW tool by TRA-C industrie. The heat softens the material, allowing the tool to plunge through the thickness of the joint. Dec 22, 2021 · A friction stir welding device includes a table that has a placement surface on which a workpiece is to be placed and is rotatable about a table rotation axis intersecting the placement surface, a tool holder movable relative to the table in a direction along the placement surface and rotatable about a holder rotation axis parallel to the table rotation axis, and a welding tool supported by Feb 2, 2024 · WO 01/85384 discloses a friction stir welding tool insert comprising PCBN. 8, 6 December 1991). This need stems from a desire for prolonged missions and travel beyond low-earth orbit. FSW works by using a non-consumable tool, which is rotated and plunged into the interface of two workpieces. Feb 25, 2000 · 'Friction stir welding'. 2_ Fukuda: 'Friction stir welding technique'. Article. g. Mar 19, 2024 · Area of friction stir welding/processing has been a topic of interest to many researchers recently. Mar 13, 2009 · Kinton JD, Tlusty J (2000) Method and apparatus for controlling downforce during friction stir welding. The FSW process is particularly suitable for joining non-ferrous metals with a low melting temperature and for mixed-material joints. Over 1650 filings exist, although not all have succeeded in obtaining a patent. l) for With Stirweld, innovation touches diverse sectors, from aerospace to automotive, energy, and beyond. EPMA study corroborated the formation of chromium- and iron-rich boride precipitates in the joints. Google Scholar. In order to estimate the Apr 27, 2021 · US10688592 — FRICTION STIR WELDING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS — United Launch Alliance, L. S. Melting does not normally occur. C. Arc welding of the root prior to FSW builds on a technique developed at ExxonMobil whereby an internal root arc weld can be used to provide support for the FSW process. The microstructure was examined by optical microscope (OM), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the mechanical properties of the joint were investigated. 8,056,797 to Packer et al. The invention discloses a friction stir welding fixture in a mechanical trigger control mode and a method for controlling the friction stir welding fixture. Aerospace, automobile, shipbuilding and electronics are some of the industrial sectors which use FSW for manufacturing of components. Since then, countless industries use this welding technique due to its unique characteristics. and patented by The Welding Institute (TWI) on 6th December 1991 [ 1 ]. 24, 1997) relates to a friction stir welding method for welding a hollow member and discloses the welding of a center rib for connecting two sheets using friction stir welding. • Was invented in 1991 at The Welding Institute, Cambridge, England (GB Patent Application No. It allows metals, including aluminium, [2-12] lead, [13] magnesium, [14] steel, [15] titanium, [16] zinc, copper [17] and metal matrix composites [19] to be welded continuously. Hei 9309164(laid-open date: Dec. 7th Inalco Conference, Cambridge, 15-17 April 1998, ISBN 1 85573 417 6. Welding occurs automatically upon placing clean metal in contact. 2. Further, a concave portion is provided on the sheet face of the joint. The (FSW) technology has gained increasing interest and importance since its invention at TWI almost 15years ago. 2, 1997) (EP 0797043 A2 (laid-open date: Sep. May 16, 1998 · Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new solid-phase technique invented and patented at TWI (Ref. C. A temperature field simulation model of FSW is established based on DEFORM. L. Friction stir welds functionality relies on the suitable tool stirring action and consequent material flow with the correct filling of the cavity left while the tool is advancing. UK patent publication GB 2. This paper describes Friction Stir Welding (FSW), invented and patented by TWI in 1991, has given rise to a very large number of related patent filings. . Our seasoned team of FSW experts and PhDs ensures that businesses of all sizes can harness Nov 17, 2017 · Friction stir welding (FSW) was invented in 1991 by Wayne Thomas at The Welding Institute (Cambridge, UK) and produces high-quality welds. In this type of welding process, no external heat is supplied and the joint formation takes place due to diffusion at interface surfaces under high Jan 1, 2021 · Friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) Friction stir additive manufacturing is a confluence of layer by layer manufacturing paradigm and friction stir welding process. The friction stir welding tool comprises a body portion having a shoulder portion, and a probe portion A method for joining elements (3,4) to one another by means of friction stir welding comprises the following steps: clamping the elements (3,4) such that the parts thereof which face one another and are to be joined are immovable with respect to one another, bringing a mandrel into contact with said parts in the region of the joint to be produced, cyclic movement of the mandrel (10) with Jan 1, 2018 · A nonlinear direct coupled-field analysis is performed, as thermal and mechanical behaviours during the friction stir welding process are mutually dependent and coupled together. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is one of the Jan 7, 2020 · The two main types of friction welding based on the type of motion involved in the welding process are rotary motion and linear friction motion. A friction stir welding tool and process for lap welding dissimilar materials are detailed. (1997). 11, it should be understood that friction stirring, as used herein, may describe friction stir welding of butt joints, lap joints, or other joint configurations; friction stir joining of spot locations; friction stir riveting; and friction stir Jun 7, 2017 · The instant invention presents an auto-adjustable pin tool for friction stir welding. The process involves a rotating tool that generates heat through high-friction contact with the materials being joined. May 29, 2018 · A friction stir welding tool and process for lap welding dissimilar materials are detailed. TWI filed successfully for patents in Europe, the U. PCT/GB92/02203, 1991, GB patent . Though it was introduced in 2006 by Airbus, it attracted much attention among the AM research community by 2014. uw ez zq ov tf qc jk el pr dm