What is a rule 35 examination. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATION OF PERSONS.

(2a) Section 3. Rule 35(a)(1) provides: “The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or. An applicants who has been granted permission to take the examination Mar 1, 1994 · Rule 35. (1) If requested by the party against whom an order is made under Rule 35. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner or to produce for examination the person Rule 35. Length: 1h 58min Published: 12/16/2020. Manage your cookies. 01 or by the person examined, the party causing the examination to be made shall deliver to the requesting party a copy of a detailed written report of the examination setting out the examiner's findings and conclusions, together with like reports of all earlier examinations of the same Jul 18, 2023 · N. Further, the physical or mental condition must be in controversy. 61/96, s. (1) In General. – When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule Rule 35 (b)(3) expressly declares two points of existing practice: (1) The provisions of Rule 35(b) come into play even if the physical or mental examination is by consent. is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by one or more physicians, or other persons licensed or certified under the laws to engage in a health Rule 35 Page 1 Rule 35. The importance of these requirements was stressed in Schlagenhauf v. Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure (CR) Rule 35. “CR” stands for Court Rule, and this is Court Rule 35. A sample motion or notice of motion for a court-ordered physical or mental examination in federal civil litigation under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (FRCP) 35. As the text of Rule 35 indicates, there are two prerequisites before a mental examination may be ordered: 1) the mental health of the Jun 27, 2024 · As amended through June 27, 2024. In this program, Robert Fitzpatrick will unpack all of the issues involved in a Rule 35 exams. The Arizona Court of Appeals recently decided the limits a court may and may not place on recording an independent medical examination under Rule 35. 01 or by the person examined, the party causing the examination to be made shall deliver to the requesting party a copy of a detailed written report of the examination setting out the examiner's findings and conclusions, together with like reports of all earlier examinations of the Jul 28, 2021 · [8] Accordingly, the holding in Wellin supports the position that Rule 35(d)(2) refers only to reports related to the plaintiff, and endorses a narrow reading of Rule 35, which “balances the privacy interests of the party examined with the interest of the party seeking the examination, the judicial system, and society as a whole[. Order for Examination. 02: Report of Examining Physician. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified The Court noted that a number of other Federal Courts have refused to allow a lawyer to attend his client’s medical examination because allowing a third person to be present at a medical examination “would subvert the purpose of Rule 35, which is to put both the plaintiff and defendant on an equal footing with regard to evaluating the Sep 6, 2023 · 1 Rule 35’s drafters apparently concluded “under these circumstances, the crucible of cross-examination was an insufficient test of the truth and, accordingly, independent examinations, which Rule 30(d): Deposition Behavior Rule Remedy Fees? Impeding, delaying, or frustrating fair examination of deponent 30(d)(2) “appropriate sanction — including the reasonable expenses and attorney’s fees incurred by any party. Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure deals with orders for physical and psychological evaluations of parties. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule 30(h) may order the party to submit to a physical or mental FRCP 35(a) sets forth the rule for when a court may order a party to submit to a physical or mental examination, how a motion for such order may be made, and what the order must contain. CR 35 provides that, “When the mental or physical condition (…) of a party (…) is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical examination by a physician. Rule 35 was amended, effective March 1, 1994, to track the 1991 federal amendment, by authorizing the court to require a physical or mental examination conducted by any person who is suitably licensed or certified such as Physical And Mental Examination. The court has the same authority to order a party to Mar 24, 2018 · The FRCP contains Rule 35–Physical & Mental Examinations that explains when there is controversy regarding the physical or mental health of a party, the court may order an exam by a qualified and licensed professional. This is commonly called an Independent Medical Examination, or IME for short. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner or to produce for examination the person Jun 15, 2005 · A C/D ratio between 0. 35. Civ. . Civil Rule 35 exams is a hotbed and quickly evolving issue in litigation. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or Dec 6, 2023 · PDF. A party may request that a physician or psychologist perform a physical or mental examination of another party, or a person who is in another party's custody or under its legal control, when that party or NRCP Rule 35 allows courts to require a Party whose physical or mental condition is in controversy to undergo an examination by a licensed practitioner. Unfortunately, it is often referred to as an independent medical examination, and indeed the opinion mistakenly refers to it as such. ]” [9] Rule 35 was amended, effective March 1, 1990. ” Fed. Aug 30, 2019 · Under Rule 35, courts have authority to order a party to submit to a physical or mental examination to comply with a discovery request. 2; O. “[T]he majority of federal courts have rejected the notion that a third party should be allowed, even indirectly through a recording device, to observe a Rule 35 examination Oct 1, 1995 · Rule 35 (a). (1) If requested by the party against whom an order is made under Rule 35(a) or person May 15, 2019 · This leads us to Washington Civil Rule 35. Plaintiff did not object to the examination itself but requested several conditions pursuant to Rule 35 including having an observer present and having the examination audio recorded. The Arizona uniform bar examinations will be administered two times each year, once in February and once in July, and at such locations as the Committee on Examinations, in its discretion, deems appropriate. 35(a)(1). Physical and Mental Examination. It is also made clear that examination may be obtained where blood group of the person to be B. 1 An order denying an examination is reviewed for abuse of discretion. 01 Order for examination. Inattention to Rule 35's requirements has permitted a practice to develop that differs from the protocol of the Rule. Currentness. 3. The examination by way of a set of written questions (see Rule 35 (2021 CanLIIDocs 2027)). S. 4 and 0. The court may order a party whose mental or physical condition— including blood group—is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. Section 2. Examination for discovery, like the discovery of documents (see Rule 30 (2021 CanLIIDocs 2020)), is based on the principle of full disclosure of relevant facts. (a) Order for an Examination. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATION OF PERSONS. The current version of this rule is found at this page. This rule was superseded on 11/1/2011. After the corresponding hearing, the discovery commissioner concluded that Lyft had properly showed good cause for its experts to examine Plaintiff because he had Jul 22, 2021 · A judgment debtor examination is an opportunity for a judgment creditor to gather enough information to proceed with collection efforts. (3a) Section 4. Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examinations. The court may order a party whose mental or physical condition is in controversy to submit to a phys. – When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule Rule 35(a). LEGAL STANDARD Rule 35 “requires discriminating application by the trial judge, who must decide, as an initial matter in every case, whether the party requesting a mental or physical examination or examinations has adequately demonstrated the existence of the Rule’s requirements of ‘in controversy’ and Rule 35 - Physical and mental examination of persons (A) Order for examination. It is desirable to extend the rule to provide for an order against the party for examination of a person in his custody or under his legal control. Thus, a parent or guardian suing to recover for injuries to a minor may be ordered to produce the minor for examination. of Civil Procedure 35(a)Physical and Mental Examinations of Persons. Exam appointment times include an additional 30 minutes for taking the tutorial and completing the post-exam survey. 01. This area of law is complex and, in many respects, still in conflict. (1) Order for Examination. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical examination by a physician, or mental As amended through March 13, 2024. Physical. The amendments are technical in nature and no substantive change is intended. The party moving for the examination must show that (1) the physical or mental condition of the party is “in controversy” and (2) “good cause” for examination exists. , physiologic cupping), a glaucoma suspect or someone with early to moderate glaucoma (depending on the optic disc size); If the C/D ratio is 0. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party is in controversy, the Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 35 lists the rules that apply to independent medical evaluations in personal injury cases. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical Rule 35. Many personal injury cases do not have any challenge or disagreement regarding the plaintiff’s medical condition(s). Physical and Mental Examinations. As amended through December 6, 2023. ECF 56 at 2–3. This Standard Document contains integrated drafting notes with important explanations and tips for drafting the caption, the body of the motion or notice of motion, the signature block, and the certificates of conference and service. The amendment to Rule 35 replaced the word “physician” with the words “suitably licensed or certified examiner. 01 or the person examined, the party causing the examination to be made shall deliver to him a copy of a detailed written report of the suitably licensed or certified examiner . When the mental or physical condition or attribute of a party or of a person in the custody or control of a party is in controversy, the court may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed Rule 35. cal or mental examination by a suitable licensed or certified examiner. ” 14 days before the date of the examination; (2) have an interpreter and certain 15 observers present throughout the examination; (3) take notes or appoint an observer 16 to take notes during the examination; and (4) after providing notice to the person 17 conducting the examination, make certain recordings of the examination. (c) Examination by Agreement. The mental or physical condition of a party or a person in custody of a party can be made the basis of examination by a physician only upon a motion and good cause shown. 1A-1, Rule 35. ndant must show that plaintiff’s physical or mental condition is in“controversy”. 01 - Order for Examination. Plaintiff claims that Defendant has failed to show the specific facts necessary to justify an examination. (a) Order for examination. P. Jun 18, 2008 · Rule 35 is the rule the permits a party to have a physician of the party’s choice examine the adverse party. (a) Right to Request a Physical or Mental Examination. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician or to produce for Rule 35(a) is amended to permit an order against aparty for the examination of a person in his custody or under his legal control. The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or physical condition -- including blood group -- is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. The importance of these requirements were stressed in Schlagenhauf v. The IME proceedings shall not be recorded. Admissibility of evidence. d that “good c. Plaintiff’s guardian may not be present during the administration of psychological testing. Subsections (a) (2) and (3) and (b) apply to examinations made by agreement of the parties, unless the This rule was superseded on 11/1/2011. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or Length: 1h 7min Published: 4/6/2022. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule 30(h) may order the party to submit to a physical or mental The physical and, subject to the provisions set forth below, mental 10 conditions of each of the Plaintiffs are “in controversy” within the meaning of 11 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 35 (“Rule 35”), which sets forth the 12 procedures for the examination of persons whose physical and/or mental conditions 13 are in controversy. 01 or the person examined, the party causing the examination to be made shall deliver to him a copy of a detailed written report of the suitably licensed or certified examiner setting out findings, including results of all tests made, diagnoses and conclusions, together with Motion for Rule 35 Examinations. Rule 35 exams usually have the same degree of objectivity as a mother opining on the character and Mar 1, 1994 · 35. If a physician or psychologist fails or refuses to make a report in compliance herewith the court shall exclude the examiner's testimony if offered at the trial, unless good cause for noncompliance is shown. Civil Rule 35 mental exams have become a common occurrence in litigation where one party seeks emotional distress damages. Request for Rule 35 IME Rule 35 provides authority for a court to orde r a party “whose mental or physical condition. The court has the same authority to order a party to produce fo. and Mental Examinations(a) ORDER FOR AN EXAMINATION. Mar 11, 2022 · The rule eventually, 35, talks about physical and mental, but back in the day, the late night 19th century, we're talking about physical exams, in Botsford, the court said, seven to sue this decision, the chief's judge then, Fuller, Chief Justice Fuller, writes the opinion for seven, holds that a physical exam in a negligent case, that the Microsoft Word - Civil Rules-June 1 2017 for Website. 627/98, s. - When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule 30(h) may order the party to submit to a physical or mental Apr 1, 2022 · Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure. A generalized fear that the examiner might distort or inaccurately report what occurs at the examination is not sufficient to establish The Court noted that a number of other Federal Courts have refused to allow a lawyer to attend his client’s medical examination because allowing a third person to be present at a medical examination “would subvert the purpose of Rule 35, which is to put both the plaintiff and defendant on an equal footing with regard to evaluating the The order may be made only on motion for good cause shown and upon notice to the person to be examined and to all parties and shall specify the time, manner, place, conditions, and scope of the examination. Refer to each exam content outline for more information. (through July 14, 2022) (a) Order for an Examination. Physical and Mental Examinations FRCP Rule 35 United States Code Annotated Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Approx. Rule 35 is an exception to our general rule that attorneys control the discovery process. Too often, though, a DME is turned into a weapon wielded proudly (and effectively) by defense counsel who rely on ill-prepared plaintiff’s counsel to take advantage of their clients. The The court held that a neuropsychologist was a “physician” within the meaning of Rule 35, and upheld the order to submit to a physical examination. 02 Report of Findings (a) If requested by the party against whom an order is made pursuant to Rule 35. a mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. 02 - Report of Examining Physician (1) If requested by the party against whom an order is made under Rule 35. What Court Rule 35 does is allow the defense to send you to a doctor of their choice for an examination. (2) The existence or non-existence of the right to get a report under Rule 35(b) does not affect the discovery of such reports under Microsoft Word - Civil Rules-June 1 2017 for Website. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to Rule 35 tells us that with a judge’s permission, a party can have an opposing party’s physical or mental health inspected if the person’s physical or mental condition is in controversy. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) ofparty or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or May 29, 2018 · Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 35(a) is nearly identical to Indiana Trial Rule 35(A), and federal case law serves as persuasive authority regarding this issue. The rule says that when a party’s physical condition is in doubt, the court can order the party to submit to an evaluation by a qualified examiner. ”. The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or physical condition–including blood group–is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. The Parties’ dispute centers on whether Defendant has shown “good cause” for this Court to compel Plaintiff to sit for a mental examination. The Duration column below is the amount of time permitted to complete each exam. Physical and mental examination of persons. This decision has implications for a wide range of personal injury cases. 8 can characterize a patient with a normal optic disc (i. - When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule 30(h) may order the party to submit to a physical or mental G. 35(a). Now that doctor is usually someone the Jul 14, 2022 · Rule 35 – Physical and mental examinations. (a) ORDER FOR AN EXAMINATION. Securities Industry Essentials A defense medical examination is a routine and expected part of personal injury litigation. (1) If requested by the party against whom an order is made under Rule 35(a) or the person examined, the party causing the examination to be made shall deliver to him a copy of a detailed written report of the examining physician setting out his findings, including results of all tests made, diagnoses and conclusions, together with like reports Rule 35 is permissive, and the trial court has broad discretion whether to order an examination. RULE 35. — The rules of evidence shall be the same in all courts and in all trials and hearings, except as otherwise provided by law or these rules. Reg. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Rule 30(h) may order the party to submit to a physical or mental Dec 6, 2023 · Rule 35 - Examination Requirements. At the examination, the creditor can ask you for information and documents about your income, assets, debts, and expenses. The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or physical condition - including blood group - is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. Scope. O. Upon the showing of both of these Rule 35. (a) Order for Examination. e. ing blood group—is in controversy to submit to a physical. 02 - Report of Findings (a) If requested by the party against whom an order is made pursuant to Rule 35. Killian Rule 35. is in controversy to submit to . ” Yes Conducting deposition in bad faith or to unreasonably annoy, embarrass, or oppress Apr 26, 2024 · Rule 35 (a) expressly addresses audio recording and attendance by an observer at court-ordered physical and mental examinations. mentalexamination by a suitably lic. Rule 35 (a) has hitherto provided only for an order requiring a party to submit to an examination. Section 1 May 29, 2018 · Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 35(a) is nearly identical to Indiana Trial Rule 35(A), and federal case law serves as persuasive authority regarding this issue. The Apr 3, 2013 · According to Rule 35 of the Nebraska Rules of Discovery, “[w]hen the mental or physical condition of a party . This amendment is consistent with a 1991 amendment to Rule 35 of the May 7, 2024 · Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (a) Order for Examination. D. In this program, Robert Fitzpatrick will provide comprehensive coverage of Rule 35 exams, including recent developments, procedures, and related issues. 2 A party seeking an order of examination must demonstrate: (1) that the particular mental or physical condition is in controversy; and (2) that good cause exists for an Rule 35 In Practice. 8 or greater, consider the individual's disc as glaucomatous unless proven otherwise. In order to justify the need for a Rule 35 independent medical Sep 27, 2013 · Transcript: If we have to litigate your case to get the best result, one of the things the insurance company can ask for is a CR 35 exam. See Field, McKusick and Wroth § 35. Judge Nguyen also noted a prior Ninth Circuit decision holding that the recovery of costs after a motion to compel filed under Rule 37(a)(5) applies to “motions to Rule 35 Page 1 Rule 35. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified Non-Disclosure Agreement. 3(f) concerning communications with an agreed medical evaluator, all communications by the parties with the evaluator shall be in writing and sent simultaneously to the opposing party when sent to the medical evaluator, except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c), (k) and (l) of this section. Kenworthy et al, the plaintiff, a six-year-old with significant disabilities including hearing loss and cerebral palsy, through his mother, filed a Aug 28, 2011 · In such cases, under Superior Court Rule 35(c) a plaintiff can request a protective order: (1) that the examination not be had; (2) that the examination be had only on specified terms and conditions; (3) that the examination be had only by methods other than those selected by the party requesting the examination; (4) that certain matters not be satisfied that the “in controversy” requirement of Rule 35 has been met. Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (a) Order for Examination. CR 35. A defense lawyer typically phones the plaintiff's counsel and says, I would like to have your Course Description. 4. (b) Report of Examiner. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party is in controversy, the Defendant’s motion for an independent medical examination pursuant to Rule 35(a)(2), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, is granted. — Evidence is admissible when it is relevant to the issue and is not excluded by the law of these rules. As appears from the provisions of amended Rule 37 (b) (2) and the comment under that rule, an order (b)(1) Except as expressly provided in Labor Code section 4062. Second, Rule 35(b)(2)(C) recognizes that a post-sentence motion is also appropriate in those instances where the defendant did not provide any Rule 35. Hon. Cookies are saved on your device to ensure proper operation and security of the website, help statistical analysis of its usage, improve its functionality, or record navigational choices you make. Rule 35 tells us that with a judge’s permission, a party can have an opposing party’s physical or mental health inspected if the person’s physical or mental condition is in controversy. R. “[T]he majority of federal courts have rejected the notion that a third party should be allowed, even indirectly through a recording device, to observe a Rule 35 examination When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court in which the action is pending may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a licensed physician or a mental examination by a licensed Rule 35. - When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of an agent or a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, a judge of the court in which the action is pending as defined by Revised Rule 35(b) is intended to address both of those situations. The order may be made only on motion good cause shown and upon notice to the person be examined and all parties shall specify time, place, manner, conditions, and scope of the examination and person or persons by whom it is to be made. The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or physical condition—including blood group—is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. In Clayton v. Some exams have additional unscored (pretest) questions. 3 pages) Apr 4, 2024 · Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examination of Persons. When the mental or physical condition (including the blood group) of a party, or of a person in the custody or under the legal control of a party, is in controversy, the court may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner or to produce for examination Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (a) Order for Examination. (2) This Rule does not apply to evidence or The Rule 35 Request Pursuant to Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: “The court where the action is pending may order a party whose mental or physical condition—including blood group—is in controversy to submit to a physical or mental examination by a suitably licensed or certified examiner. Before a physical or mental examination can take place, the Mar 5, 2019 · A rule 35(3) report is a mechanism for a doctor in an IRC to refer on concerns, If the concern is from first hand examination and there has been no ACDT process, le 35. English/Spanish translation shall be provided by Dr. Generally, medical examination requests do not go to court. Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examination of Persons. Rule 35(a), in turn, authorizes the court “to order a party to produce for examination a person who is in its custody or under its legal control. Effective April 1, 2022 (A) Order for examination. Counsel for both plaintiffs and defendants will receive a number of invaluable Rule 35. A party may request that a physician or psychologist perform a physical or mental examination of another party, or a person who is in another party's custody or under its legal control, when that party or person's physical or mental condition is in controversy. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework Rule CR 35 - Physical and Mental Examination of Persons (a) Examination. A court may for good cause shown direct that an examination be audio recorded. (a)Examination Dates and Places. Rule 35. The judgment creditor can use the information from the judgment debtor exam to collect (ii) Rule 31 (examination for discovery), (iii) Rule 32 (inspection of property), (iv) Rule 33 (medical examination), (v) Rule 35 (examination for discovery by written questions); and (b) information obtained from evidence referred to in clause (a). First, Rule 35(b)(2)(B) makes clear that a sentence reduction motion is permitted in those instances identified by the court in Orozco. (A) Order for examination. When the health, either mental or physical, of a party, an agent or a person in the legal control of a party is in controversy, the judge may order the party to submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician or to Dec 6, 2023 · Rule 35 - Physical and Mental Examinations [Effective January 1, 2024] (a) Right to Request a Physical or Mental Examination. ur ou pf vr cs gz wj an yf uy