How to get a pardon in nevada

How to get a pardon in nevada. state of nevada . Frequency of grants. Include the date to the document with the Date feature. You can also write to: Board of Pardons Commissioners 1445 Old Hot Springs Rd. The pardon process can be lengthy as it is a rightfully thorough process. To apply for a pardon, download the Nevada Pardon Form and follow the instructions on the application. 0 average years of experience in California. Obtain your Criminal History Record with the Nevada Department of Public Safety, Records Bureau by. Together, go to the Clark County Marriage License Bureau. Figure that it could cost up to $3K for the pardon. The Office of the Pardon Attorney assists the President in the exercise of executive clemency. B. Select the Get Form option to start enhancing. Deportation is a civil proceeding, and there are no pardons. The process will be free and available online. Sep 20, 2023 · FILE - The Nevada Supreme Court building stands on May 2, 2018, in Carson City, Nev. Odds of success for a record seal vs. Mar 4, 2020 · Presidents have the authority to issue pardons for federal offenses, such as the robberies Ponder pleaded guilty to in 2005. Nevada law specifically mentions three types of crimes that potentially disqualify an applicant from getting a guard card to work as a security guard in Las Vegas (or the other areas of the state. Judicial Services. In the United States, you will seek a pardon from the Governor of your state if you committed a state crime. Sealing Records of Criminal Proceedings. You have to wait at least two (2) years after the case ends in order to pursue a record seal for either of the following misdemeanor convictions in Nevada: battery, harassment, stalking, or; violation of a protection order Navigate the states and cities below to find a pardons lawyer near your area. I believe the answer is no. Box 207 Columbia, SC 29202. Please note that the Pardons Board receives hundreds of applications for pardons and only a limited number of those applications will be accepted for review and May 31, 2021 · A pardon is a legal form of forgiveness which removes any penalties and punishments related to the conviction. One of our compassionate Reno or Las Vegas, Nevada criminal defense lawyers will get back to you promptly to help determine your eligibility and get you started. A Nevada pardon is the only vehicle that can possibly reinstate your gun rights. This application can be requested either in writing or by calling the SCDPPPS Central Office. Sealing basically has the same effect as expunging: When a Nevada criminal record is sealed, no one other than certain state agencies (like the DA's office) can see it. ) Electronic Request for Notification of Parole Hearings; Electronic Public Records Request Form; I need another form, but can't find it. The nine-member board voted unanimously Wednesday to begin accepting petitions for posthumous relief, but only those sponsored by a member of the board will be eligible for consideration. gov to obtain a copy of your DD-214 or other evidence of honorable Jun 17, 2020 · To receive the pardon, they must fill out an application and submit a copy of their conviction or criminal history. This site is designed to help anyone who is looking for current and authoritative information about pardons in every state. For those with really severe convictions, getting a pardon is ideally the best choice. Ensure the details you add to the Application For Pardon - Nevada Board Of Pardons Commissioners - Pardons Nv is up-to-date and accurate. 360. Aug 3, 2023 · The only way to get your gun rights back in Nevada is to receive a pardon from the Nevada Board Of Pardons Commissioners. ford . Nevada Clemency Pamphlet: A comprehensive resource dedicated to explaining the intricate aspects of the state's clemency process, offering invaluable insights for individuals seeking sentence reductions or First paragraph of your parole letter should be to the point. [1] For example, if you receive a pardon then you may once again be able to vote, serve on a jury, or possess a gun. Foley Federal Building and U. Jun 18, 2018 · The only possible way to get gun rights restored in Nevada is through a Nevada Governor’s Pardon, and not all pardons restore gun rights. Sep 21, 2023 · Nevada's pardons board will now consider requests for posthumous pardons in a limited scope, nearly six years after it voted to freeze such applications amid a backlog in cases. Sep 24, 2020 · Question 3, if passed, would make changes to the Nevada Board of Pardons, which has the power to reduce sentences and grant pardons for convicted criminals. N. G. O. ATTN: OTJAG-CLD. It may be regulated only as to the manner of applying. Juveniles may have both arrest and court records expunged, and a juvenile’s parent or guardian may expunge records if the juvenile is under the age of majority. Restoration of Civil Rights. Pardons. For example, if you are writing a character reference for someone seeking a presidential pardon for a federal crime, the signature must be witnessed by a notary public. Judges virtually always sign off on a record seal as long as the petitioner meets all the eligibility requirements (see section 4). 4. You can apply for the pardon, yourself, however, and it's free to do so. Meyers, a former sheriff from NCRCF is willing to be Sheriff of Primm if he gets a pardon from the NCR. 033 provides the avenue for parolees to request an early termination from parole. Misdemeanor convictions with a 2-year record seal waiting period. / Columbia, SC 29210. Kan. You might have meant a waiver, which would apply to US immigration only. 42, or 1203. Pentagon. If you are obtaining the designation only, the fee is $8. Const. Feb 15, 2024 · Apply for Clemency. Please note you are also responsible for any Restore your 2nd Amendment Gun Rights in Nevada. Sign your letter. The governor appoints department heads and members of boards and commissions. In order to request a waiver, you must complete the pardon application form and submit it with a cover letter explaining why you believe the waiting period should be waived in your case. 8:00 am – 5:00 pm Please fill out the application and the waiver (which needs to be notarized) and return it to: Board of Pardons Commissioners 1677 Old Hot Springs Rd. LAS VEGAS (AP) — Nevada’s pardons board will now consider requests for posthumous pardons in a limited scope, nearly six years after it voted to freeze such applications amid a backlog in cases. Requires a certificate of rehabilitation to be reviewed by the Board of Parole hearings within one year of receipt. . government buildings. Support Services. A pardon is only available for someone who has been convicted of a felony (certain felonies are excluded) or a misdemeanor sex crime which had a 290 registration requirement and 1203. A. I don't think that having a lawyer handle it would substantially increase the odds to get it granted, but if you were rejected, you could reapply. Restores every civil right. P. If you were convicted of a felony and 15 years or more have elapsed from the date of your conviction (or release from actual custody if imprisoned), you may petition the court in which the conviction was obtained for the sealing of all records relating to the conviction. Dismissal of charges and set-aside (“expungement”) Note : Beginning on August 1, 2022, the court record of convictions set aside at any time (under Penal Code sections 1203. 1. If you are for a COR, you may apply for a traditional (direct) pardon, as set forth in . As a courtesy, the Parole Board places forms that are developed by other agencies on our website. Aguilar. Contact. Often the letter must be signed in front of a notary to verify your identity as the signer of the document. If applying for a pardon, there is NO need to file an application for firearm rights restoration. The pardon must specifically be “full and unconditional,” or provide you are entitled to exercise the right to possess a gun. Code § 480 There is no additional fee to add the designation if you are renewing your license or completing another license transaction. Jun 16, 2022 · FULL VIDEO IN MEMBERS PROGRAM, CLICK THE LINK TO JOIN https://linktr. ) 1. North Las Vegas Nevada Application for Pardon Benefit from our comprehensive internet template catalogue to make sure you always are able to get actual samples that are prepared for downloading, completing, and signing. The long waits are due to the time it takes for the prosecutors’ office to approve the petition and for the various agencies to with the Sep 21, 2020 · Formal name: State Board of Pardons Commissioners Amendment Type of measure: Legislative resolution to amend the Nevada Constitution Summary of what it does: Since Nevada’s Constitution was adopted in 1864, the document has granted the governor, attorney general and members of the state Supreme Court the power to “remit fines and forfeitures,” “commute punishments” and “grant Being a felon with a firearm in Nevada is a category B felony, which carries one to six years in state prison and up to $5,000 in fines. Nevada Board of Pardons Commissioners. Possibly review the application with your attorney, family member, etc. , Suite A Carson City, NV 89706. Attn: Pardon Application Processing. Expungement is unavailable for certain serious or violent offenses. Write a request to The Board at: Board of Pardons Commissioners 1445 Old Hot Springs Rd. 34 : Hayes and the NCR will protect Primm if they get some additional military personnel. In some states, felons must wait at least five years before being Step 2: Pick up your Marriage License. Apr 2, 2012 · Posted on Apr 2, 2012. A Governor’s Pardon is like an official forgiveness of a crime. R. The full pardon application is completed after acceptance into the program and requires the client to write a letter to the governor, gather letters of support and information about their convictions, and collect any supporting documentation. Help Me Choose. Dec 30, 2022 · For a federal pardon, a petition will go to the President of the United States. When you or any person receives a pardon, you receive an official document About the Office. The governor must report annually on the number of pardons and his reasons for granting them. 4a, 1203. The board includes the Governor of Nevada, The justices of the Nevada Supreme Court and The Attorney General of Nevada. Choose your state from the list, look at available samples, and pick one in clicks. attorney general, member . The board consists of Full and Unconditional Pardon. It's made up of nine members — the Jan 3, 2023 · Nevada only has three grounds for divorce: You and your spouse have lived separately for 12 months. Record seals are much easier to get than pardons in Nevada. The governor is commander-in-chief of the state military forces. Pardon policy & practice A. Commutation of Sentence. Comparison of pardon policies. Ann. U. Good behavior which the Nevada jurisdiction states as credit earned while serving the sentence may help to reduce the maximum imprisonment period imposed but not the minimum term required unless otherwise provided. According to NRS 176. Potential restoration of gun rights. When a person is granted the pardon by the board, they are issued with an official document that confirms that they have received a pardon. mark Jan 16, 2024 · 2. Step-by-step instructions for applying for a Certificate of Rehabilitation in California. Oct 7, 2020 · Even if the rest of the board agrees to a former inmate’s pardon request, if the governor says no, there is no pardon. to make sure that it clearly explains why you deserve a pardon. Decisions through 1996 to September 21, 2023 Other Information About Pardons. 19. Effect of a Pardon in Nevada. Jun 22, 2020 · The Nevada Board of Pardons Commissioners officially approved Sisolak’s proposal on June 17. Jun 28, 2023 · Parole letters of support from friends. 36 : Return and let Meyers know NCR has pardoned him and he can take over as sheriff. Visit archives. 425) will be automatically sealed, per the so-called “Clean Slate Act” ( AB 1076 ), described below. Mar 6, 2023 · A. ee/BigFelonPardon Application:http://pardons. 4 relief was secured. We use cookies to improve security, personalize the user experience, enhance our marketing activities (including cooperating with our marketing partners) and 1677 Old Hot Springs Rd Suite A Carson City, Nevada 89706 Telephone (775) 687-5049 Email: info@parole. 245 for more Unfortunately, the only way to restore your Nevada gun rights is to receive a pardon from the Nevada Board of Pardons Commissioners. § 38-2312. Fill out every fillable area. A felony. Petition for Release from Lifetime Supervision. Or. The problem though is that all states No. [1] However, the Governor has a lot of discretion in granting clemency/pardon. In this article, our Las Vegas criminal defense attorneys discuss: Jan 5, 2023 · A felony has a big impact on a person’s life and if you live in Nevada, you’ve come here trying to find out how to get the felony off your record. #108B Carson City, NV 89711. Pardon after Completion of Sentence. The entire process can take at least a year to complete. For this, the felony must be at least eight years old and not have involved a weapon. The second way to restore your California gun rights is by a pardon from California’s governor. The background of this letter is that the inmate is innocent according to the letter and was already denied parole before. III. pardons board 1677 0,0 hot springll roao sv1rea carson city, nevaoa 89706 telephone (775) 687-6568 fax (775) 687-6736 denise davis, executive secretary . Washington, DC 20310. The governor has the power to veto bills from the Nevada State Legislature. The board shall issue a recommendation on a pardon. Pardon411. Fill out the Pardon Application in one of three ways: The Board of Pardon Commissioner’s website. NRS 213. “We are giving him absolute consideration and I have a feeling he is going to get the full pardon,” Trump said. Pardons are a government-issued “forgiveness” of your past crime. As discussed above, if you are for a Certificate of Rehabilitation, you petition for one in order to be eligible for a pardon. Authority. Not all pardons restore gun rights. 360, the State of Nevada does not recognize the “restoration of firearms rights” from another state, a person wishing to regain firearm rights for the State of Nevada needs to be in possession of pardon from the state of conviction that does not restrict his or her firearm rights, as shown below. Note: The links below open in new windows. Carson City, Nevada 89701-4201. 9. A pardon is not the same as an expungement. All information is written by staff attorneys. Public Records Request Form. board of pardons . Unlike record sealing, pardons do not hide the conviction(s) from the defendant’s record. 202. Length of process. The pardon power is vested in the governor (except in cases of treason or impeachment). Commutation of Death Sentence. 870 and NRS 202. 00. Aug 3, 2023 · That is exactly what a pardon is—forgiveness from the crime but the conviction still stands. 202 North Carson Street. § 38-2312 (a). Get a Pardon. Jan 31, 2024 · The addresses for submitting a request for a pardon of a court-martial conviction are as follows: U. Introducing yourself, Second paragraph share details on how you know them. It includes easy to understand information about everything from how to You can apply directly for a record suspension (or pardon *) to the Parole Board of Canada. Jul 15, 2013 · To apply. Offenders who have completed their sentence may apply for a pardon through the Executive Secretary of the Pardons Board. Navy/U. There are 2 pardons lawyers, with 18. § 38-2312 (b). gov Mar 11, 2022 · Applications for restoration of firearms rights can only be submitted once every 12-months, unless specified by the Commission. E. Since your big issue is your right to own and/or possess a firearm, as I understand, there Pardon and restoration of civil rights. Pardon Applications. Potential restoration of civil rights. 4, 1203. Download the . Verify all of your information is correct before leaving. 2. Why Should I Try and Get a Pardon Sealing Nevada Criminal History Records. Per N. You face stiff sentences for violating certain laws, including. Prior to the application going to the governor for approval, the Texas Parole Board must review and recommend it. Upon completion, the full pardon application is submitted to the Ohio Parole Board, which will schedule Electronic Pardons Board Application (Community Case Application on Pardons Board website. Administration Oct 6, 2020 · There are five main steps for getting a Nevada criminal record . Veterans and mental health courts. chief justice, member . Sealing convictions. Jun 2, 2023 · In general, an expunged criminal record is essentially erased. Nevada Pardons Pamphlet: A detailed guide solely focusing on the process, eligibility, and benefits of obtaining a pardon in Nevada. Certificate – Vietnam War-Era Pardon. 155, NRS 213. Feb 24, 2024 · Unfortunately, the only way to restore your Nevada gun rights is to receive a pardon from the Nevada Board of Pardons Commissioners. But the Pardons Board grants very few pardons, even if the applicant seems eligible. Switch on the Wizard mode on the top toolbar to acquire extra suggestions. Download the application; Fill it out; Review and fix any mistakes; Save the application to your desktop, using your last name, first name the words "Pardon Application", and the date in the name of the file. The evaluation of a pardon application may take several Jul 27, 2023 · F. The Nevada Board of Pardon Commissioners is the one who decides all matters regarding pardon issues. This will depend on your state. 4. There are 0 pardons lawyers, with average years of experience in District of Columbia. Definition of a pardon. Appeal of Lifetime Supervision Conditions Instructions. If you cannot access the Board’s website or the form itself, you can call the Board at (775) 687-8278 to have a form mailed or emailed to you. The Pardons Board grants pardons rarely, and usually only when: Several years have passed since the case, The crime was not very serious, and; The applicant is rehabilitated and remorseful. nv. Last paragraph, piggyback the previous one explaining why you believe your claims to be true. F. Applications by parolees who desire a commutation of sentence will be rejected. governor, chairman . [1] The Legislature may regulate the manner in which a person can apply for a pardon. 00 made payable to "Secretary of State" to: Secretary of State Francisco V. Updated February 15, 2024. 020. You and your spouse are incompatible. But note that each court has its own specific . It is important to make sure you have a Nevada attorney who is experienced Sep 24, 2013 · The form is titled “Community Pardon Application. 2 The Board consists of the governor of Nevada, the justices of the Nevada Supreme Court and the Nevada Attorney General. 7. com is a free legal resource provided by the Law Firm of Higbee & Associates. However, you are required to obtain a CCW permit in order to carry a concealed weapon. Apr 15, 2015 · Pardon 411. Nevada doesn't expunge criminal records, but it does seal them (when it's legally okay to do so). Any person who has committed a crime under the laws of the State of Nevada may apply to the Pardons Board for consideration to receive a Pardon and/or the restoration of their civil rights. 803-734-8989. Nevada's pardons board voted Wednesday, Sept. Victim Request for Notification of Parole Hearings. The power to grant a pardon or restore the rights of an offender does not extend to crimes committed under federal law or the laws of any other state. Officials can grant a full or conditional pardon under Nevada Revised Statutes 213. Office Hours. steve sisolak . If you were convicted of a state crime, then you can seek a pardon, expungement, or restoration of your civil rights from your Governor. Obtaining a pardon from the California Gov Aug 28, 2013 · The New Mexico Constitution gives the Governor the power to “grant reprieves and pardons, after conviction for all offenses except treason and in cases of impeachment. 1) Expunge Your Record 2) Seal Your Record 3) Request a Pardon of Your Record. 360, the State Of Nevada does not recognize the “restoration of firearms rights” from another state, a person wishing to regain firearm rights for the State Of Nevada needs to be in possession of pardon from the state of conviction that does not restrict his or her firearm rights, as shown below. gov/About/Effect_of_a_Pardon/G. [16] Dec 15, 2021 · According to state law, anyone with a felony conviction can apply for a pardon. Juvenile records. 270 (4) (a). pdf file that opens in a new window or tab. Y. 37: Major Knight promised additional troops from Primm. D. Download the Restoration of Firearms Rights Application or contact Jun 30, 2022 · A certificate declares that the individual has been rehabilitated and constitutes an application for the governor to grant a full pardon to the individual. Offender Supervision. Provide the clerk your confirmation number or names and present your identification. The entire process of getting a criminal record sealed in the state of Nevada takes up to . Expungement, sealing & other record relief. aaron d. An educational presentation on the process and laws around sealing criminal records in Nevada. kristina pickering . Consult an immigration attorney about your options, and make sure to provide all the records from your case. 20, 2023, to now consider requests for posthumous pardons in a Notification & Application Related Forms. In states where pardoning is characterized as “frequent and regular,” there is a regular pardon process with a high percentage of applications granted (30% or more); where pardoning is “sparing,” there is a regular process but a low grant rate; where pardons are infrequent, uneven, or rare, the chart will generally indicate numbers. art 4, § 4. Nevada gun laws allow for the open carry of firearms without the need for a license or registration. Aug 27, 2022 · Firearms rights are automatically restored 15 years after discharge from sentence to persons convicted of no more than one felony, unless the offense involved criminal homicide or use of a gun or knife. Jun 5, 2023 · Only a Nevada pardon can restore your gun rights. Otherwise firearms rights are restored by pardon or expungement. Note that not all pardons restore gun rights: People applying for pardons need to check the box on the pardon application requesting gun rights. C. Obtaining a pardon from a president or governor not only ends a prison sentence, but also halts civil penalties faced by those who were previously adjudged to have broken the law. Sep 21, 2023 · Updated 5:29 PM PDT, September 20, 2023. Pardoned offenses are immune from impeachment. To facilitate completing the court forms, obtain a copy of your Nevada criminal history record. A person may receive pardon and restoration of civil rights if: As per the revised Nevada statutes, a person has applied for state pardon may receive an absolute pardon. To learn more about Nevada’s sex offender registry, please see our article on Nevada’s Sex Offender Registration System (NRS 179D). Realize that with all felony records, there are three options you can take. Applicable Nevada Revised Statutes. NRS 176. Vacatur for human trafficking victims. Pre-prosecution diversion for misdemeanors. Jun 25, 2018 · 7. 0 average years of experience in Florida. 033, the board is mandated to give parole to convicted Also read our related article about modifying criminal sentences in Nevada. 157, NRS 176A. 25 for a non-commercial license or ID card or $12. 6. Information for individuals under supervision. Services provided by NPP to Courts, Pardons Board,etc. Department of the Army. Contact The procedures for sealing Nevada criminal history records vary from county to county. The nine-member board voted unanimously Wednesday to begin accepting petitions for posthumous relief, but Nevada reports most traffic violations for three years, and they report serious offenses for 10 years. Board of Probation and Parole Attn: Inmate Inquiry {board mailing address} Regarding Parole Hearing for: {inmate full name & inmate number} {inmate full name} has her next parole Mar 2, 2022 · There are a handful of options for sentenced individuals to avoid the worst effects of a conviction. Deferred sentencing and sealing for substance abusers. A Nevada pardon is a government-issued “forgiveness” of a defendant’s past crime(s). No appointment is necessary and it typically takes less than one hour. Nov 14, 2018 · Five benefits of getting past criminal conviction (s) pardoned in Nevada include: More job opportunities. Waivers are difficult to obtain. Army: Secretary of the Army. Are pardons easy to get? Pardons Board Hearings are Live Streamed The Supreme Court provides live video streaming of Pardons Board hearings and also provides instructions on how to watch live video . A pardon is an expression of forgiveness that can be an enormous benefit, but the process is often May 6, 2014 · Posted on May 6, 2014. Las Vegas. Executive clemency may take several forms, including pardon, commutation of sentence, remission of fine or restitution, and reprieve. Aug 27, 2023 · E. The contact information is as follows: Paroles, Pardons and Release Services. It gives a convicted person most or all How to obtain a Certificate: To order by mail: Send a letter with the name of the entity for which you are requesting the certificate, along with a check, money order, or credit card authorization for $50. Each year, the board is inundated with pardon applications, but they are rarely granted. Restoration of Civil Rights Bill Our Employees, Communities and Victims. In this article, our discuss: 1. You can access the Nevada Statutes for sealing criminal recor Nov 19, 2018 · Convicted felons in Nevada are prohibited from owning or possessing firearms unless they are granted a pardon restoring that right. The resolution does not apply to convictions before 2001, when possessing less than an ounce of marijuana in Nevada was a felony crime. 850, NRS 176A. gov Simply fill out the form on this page or call us. Courthouse 300 Las Vegas Blvd South Suite 1200 Las Vegas, NV 89101 Phone: (702) 527-7300 Map. Firearms rights are restored if a pardon is granted. In the application, the question is asked if felons want to have their gun rights restored. Under current Nevada law, your firearm rights may be restored after a felony conviction only by obtaining a pardon. However, some pardons are not full and unconditional. Feb 20, 2024 · II. & Prof. Nevada law has a procedure to pardon people for criminal offenses. § 166. 1677 Old Hot Springs Road, Suite A Carson City, NV 89706 Telephone: (775) 687-6568 Email: msalling@parole. Read your state law. Your spouse has been insane for at least two years before Las Vegas Nevada Application for Pardon Getting a fillable document has never been so straightforward. S. 25 for a commercial license. Support services for supervised individuals and state agencies. a pardon. How to get a "pardon" of a criminal conviction in California? And what are the benefits? In this video, we explain. 7 A conviction for possession of a firearm by a prohibited person in Nevada will likely negate the chance of getting gun rights restored through a Governor’s Pardon. Certificate - Presidential Proclamation on Marijuana Possession. ”. The Board is composed of the Governor of Nevada, The Nevada Supreme Court Justices, and The Nevada Attorney General. Jun 19, 2020 · It applies only to misdemeanor offenses of possession of less than an ounce of marijuana and does not apply to sales-related charges. Stat. 41, 1203. To petition a court to seal your criminal history record, contact the court in the jurisdiction where the arrest occurred. And then the Pardons Board needs to agree to restore the person’s Jul 5, 2017 · An unarmed mall security officer guard rides the escalator. There are 4 pardons lawyers, with 3. You do not need to use a lawyer or third party service provider (see Protect Yourself from Fraud ). For a state crime in Texas, the application will go to the governor for approval. Please see NRS 179. All you need to do is follow the step-by-step instructions and pay the application processing fee of $50. After the speech, Ponder said he was surprised by the president’s comment. Parolee Statement of Financial Hardship (Restitution) Application for Geriatric Parole. When the State Board of Pardons Commissioners grants a full, unconditional pardon, it: Cancels every disability imposed resulting from the conviction; and. Question 3 if passed, would take that power away from the state’s chief Moreover, your voting and firearms rights could be restricted. If you lost your firearm rights because of a felony or battery domestic violence conviction, you cannot regain your gun rights through a record seal. What’s a Pardon? Nevada’s revised statutes define a pardon as a state-issued forgiveness for a person’s crimes. You can rest assured that eventually, you will have a clean slate. Rev. Process. Marine Corps: Office of the Judge Advocate General. Bus. 293 Greystone Blvd. State Board of Pardons and Commissioners on Parole. The legislature can override a veto by a two-thirds majority vote in both the Assembly and the Senate. 360 1. “The people of Nevada have decided that possession of small amounts of marijuana is not a crime Oct 22, 2023 · Furthermore, the expungement, restoration of civil rights, or pardon must also allow you get your gun rights back. Third paragraph explain you believe the inmate is a good person and you believe they won’t re-offend. Calling 775-687-8278. do wm df wx jc mx vy qg zc ih